Kaplan & NortonThe Balanced Scorecard, 1996
Lagging indicators (outcomes) tell you the score after the game; leading indicators (performance drivers) predict it — a good scorecard mixes both in cause-effect chains.
McChesney, Covey & HulingThe 4 Disciplines of Execution, 2012
Act on lead measures — predictive, influenceable behaviours — because lag measures arrive too late to change.
The EclipseFrontiers® LensLag measures report history. Lead measures write it.